Kota Solo yang memiliki nama resmi Pemerintahan Kota Surakarta adalah satu dari dua kota tujuan wisata, Solo dan Jogja, dengan potensi budaya Jawa terbesar. Di dalam kota yang terletak di dataran rendah sebelah barat Gunung Lawu itu masih hidup dan lestari berbagai seni, tradisi, dan budaya masyarakat yang telah berlangsung selama ratusan tahun.

Faktor keraton atau kerajaan yang juga masih hidup di dalam masyarakat Kota Solo adalah pengaruh terbesarnya. Karena bagaimana pun juga, keraton adalah pusat dari segala ilmu tentang seni, tradisi, dan budaya Jawa.

Karena itu, tidak sedikit wisatawan lokal hingga asing selalu menjadikan Kota Solo tujuan wisata utama saat ingin menemukan pemandangan budaya Jawa. Wisata budaya Kota Solo tidak hanya terpatok pada artefak berupa bangunan atau berbagai benda pusaka yang disimpan dalam museum saja dengan nilai-nilai sejarahnya.

Wisata budaya Kota Solo juga sangat kental dengan wisata adat budaya berupa prosesi atau ritual dan juga upacara adat. Sebagaimana terdapat dua kerajaan di Solo, Keraton Surakarta dan Mangkunegaran, ritual adat keraton Surakarta juga telah lama menjadi objek wisata budaya di Kota Solo.

Selain faktor keberadaan keraton yang membuat kota ini menonjol secara budaya, faktor ekonomi dan politik juga menonjolkan kota ini. Banyak warga dari berbagai wilayah berdatangan ke kota ini dengan tujuan berbeda-beda. Kedatangan mereka juga dibarengi dengan budaya yang mereka bawa hingga pada akhirnya budaya itu menyatu dengan budaya lokal.

Di luar tembok kedua keraton tadi masih banyak pula potensi budaya berupa tradisi masyarakat Jawa yang masih bisa disaksikan hingga saat ini. Di luar tembok keraton pula budaya warga pendatang yang telah menjadi tradisi dalam berbagai wujud dapat ditemui. Dan seluruh potensi budaya tersebut telah Chic:Id.Com rangkum dalam daftar upacara adat di Kota Surakarta.

Berikut adalah daftar upacara adat di Kota Surakarta. Upacara adat Kota Solo berikut telah kami susun secara urut dari waktu penyelenggaraanya, berdasar pada penanggalan Jawa:

Malam 1 Suro, Kirab Pusaka Pura Mangkunegaran di Pura Mangkunegaran

Kirab yang mengarak beberapa jenis pusaka ini biasa digelar mulai jam 8:00 malam. Tradisi menyambut tahun baru dalam kalender Jawa di Istana Mangkunegaran sangat terkenal dengan prosesi berebut bunga dan air jamasan pusaka. Lokasi penyelenggaraan di dalam kompleks Istana Mangkunegaran dan sekitar istana.

Malam 1 Suro, Kirab Pusaka Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta di Keraton Surakarta

Kirab pusaka yang juga dikenal dengan Kirab Kebo Bule atau Kirab Malem Suro ini biasa dimulai dari jam 00:00 tepat pada malam pergantian tahun dalam kalender Jawa atau juga Islam. Lokasi pelaksanaan adalah di kompleks keraton dan juga jalur-jalur di luar tembok keraton.

Pertengahan Bulan November, Kirab Apem Sewu di Tempuran, Kampung Sewu

Kirab Apem Sewu adalah salah satu peristiwa budaya yang konon diwariskan oleh ulama penyebar agama Islam Ki Ageng Gribig. Kirab kue apem ini biasa digelar pada siang hari di kawasan Tempuran, pertemuan dua arus sungai, di Kampung Sewu, Solo.

9 Suro, Jumenengan Paduka Mangkunegara IX di Pura Mangkunegaran

Jumenengan atau peringatan ulang tahun kenaikan tahta Raja Mangkunegara IX rutin digelar setiap tanggal 9 bulan Suro. Lokasi penyelenggaraan di kompleks Istana Mangkunegaran.

5 - 11 Mulud, Sekaten di halaman Masjid Agung Surakarta

Tradisi yang lebih terkenal dengan pasar malamnya ini biasa digelar dari tanggal 5 bulan Mulud hingga tanggal 11. Prosesi berupa permainan gendhing dengan dua set gamelan pusaka milik keraton ini digelar untuk memperingati hari lahirnya Nabi Muhammad SAW. Prosesi tabuh gamelan biasa digelar pada siang sore setiap hari pada tanggal 5 - 11 bulan Mulud. Lokasi pelaksanaan di halaman Masjid Agung Surakarta.

12 Mulud, Grebeg Mulud dari Keraton Surakarta menuju Masjid Agung Surakarta

Puncak peringatan hari lahirnya Nabi Muhammad SAW biasa dimulai dari esok hari. Puncak tradisi yang sering dinamai sebagai Gunungan itu biasa terjadi pada pukul 11.00 pagi saat ribuan warga berebut dua buah gunungan. Prosesi puncak Gunungan berlangsung di Masjid Agung Surakarta.

Menjelang Imlek, Grebeg Sudiro di Kelurahan Sudiroprajan

Peristiwa budaya yang dimaksudkan untuk mempromosikan toleransi antar etnis di Kota Solo ini biasa digelar menjelang Imlek. Dalam seluruh prosesi grebeg, berebut kue keranjang menjadi puncak prosesi yang paling ditunggu warga. Puncak Grebeg Sudiro yang biasa berlangsung dari siang hingga sore hari biasa digelar di depan Pasar Gede. Rute peserta grebeg biasa melalui jalan-jalan di Kelurahan Sudiroprajan.

20 Rabiultsani, Haul Habib Al-Habsy di Masjid Riyadh Pasar Kliwon

Peringatan wafatnya ulama besar Habib Al-Habsy biasa digelar dalam peringatan yang berlangsung beberapa hari. Acara peringatan wafatnya ulama besar penulis buku puji-pujian kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW ini sangat terkenal dengan sajian nasi kabuli-nya. Peringatan wafatnya Habib Al-Habsy ini dipusatkan di Masjid Riyadh, Pasar Kliwon, Solo.

40 Hari Setelah Grebeg Mulud, Mahesa Lawung di Alas Krendhawahana, Kalijambe, Karanganyar

Tradisi selamatan Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta ini memang digelar di hutan yang terletak di luar Kota Surakarta. Dalam ritual ini, seekor kerbau perjaka disembelih untuk dikuburkan kepala dan keempat kakinya di Hutan Krendhawahana. Namun prosesi awal sebelum pemberangkatan berbagai sesaji biasa digelar di Siti Hinggil, Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta pada pagi mulai jam 9:00.

25 Rajab, Tingalan Dalem Jumenengan Paku Buwana XIII di Keraton Surakarta

25 Rajab adalah tanggal peringatan ulang tahun kenaikan tahta atau jumenengan Raja paku Buwana XIII. Pelaksanaan tradisi yang terkenal dengan digelarnya tarian sakral Bedaya Ketawang ini biasa digelar di kompleks Keraton Surakarta.

Selama Bulan Pasa atau Puasa, Tradisi Membagi Takjil Bubur Samin di Masjid Daarussalam, Jayengan

Tradisi selama bulan puasa ini telah berjalan selama puluhan tahun. Bubur samin yang sebenarnya bubur banjar rutin dibagikan menjelang berbuka puasa.

Malam Ke-21 Bulan Pasa, Malem Selikuran dari Keraton Surakarta Menuju Masjid Agung Surakarta

Tradisi di malam yang juga biasa disebut malam Lailatul Qadar atau Malam Seribu Bulan ini biasa berlangsung mulai dari jam 9:00 malam. Dalam tradisi ini keraton akan membagikan seribu bungkus nasi liwet di Masjid Agung Surakarta.

2 Syawal, Grebeg Pasa di Masjid Agung Surakarta

Secara umum prosesi tata cara upacara adat ini tidak berbeda dengan Grebeg Mulud atau Grebeg Besar. Dua buah gunungan kembar sedianya akan dibawa ke Masjid Agung dan diperebutkan oleh warga. Kesamaan itu juga ada pada waktu penyelenggaraanya yang berlangsung sebelum jam 12 siang. Lokasi puncak prosesi di halaman Masjid Agung Surakarta.

Seminggu Setelah Idul Fitri, Grebeg Syawal di Taman Satwa Taru Jurug (TSTJ)

Grebeg Syawal atau yang sering dikenal dengan Grebeg Jaka Tingkir, karena dikomposisikan degan drama kolosal Jaka Tingkir di lokasi penyelenggaraan, biasa digelar dalam kegiatan berupa Pekan Syawalan Jurug. Kegiatan yang khas degan gunungan ketupat ini rutin digelar setiap bulan Syawal seusai lebaran. Lokasi penyelenggaraan di TSTJ.

10 Besar, Grebeg Besar di Masjid Agung Surakarta

Pada perayaan Idul Adha pun Keraton Surakarta juga menggelar grebeg dengan gunungan khasnya. Puncak prosesi adat ini juga berlangsung di depan Masjid Agung. Upacara adat ini merupakan upacara adat yang berlangsung di bulan terakhir dalam penanggalan Jawa.

Surakarta is an official name of Solo or Sala, Central Java province, Indonesia. There are two monarchies existing in the city, the Surakarta Sunanate and the Mangkunegara. The two existing monarchies make Solo as one of the biggest cities to find Javanese culture, the other city is Jogjakarta.

Both monarchies were established in 18th century. And since then, its traditions, ceremonies, and rituals has been growing among its people.

Many researchers and tourists come to Solo to explore the Javanese tradition and culture. The legacy of the former rulers is formed both in tangible and intangible heritages. Buildings, books, notes, artifacts, and more are just some of the tangible heritage people can find. While for the other heritage people can find it in the form of arts, traditions, rituals, ceremonies, and more.

And here are some of the traditional ceremonies that Chic-Id.Com has arranged. The arrangement is based on its implementation time that is appointed using Javanese calendar:

At Javanese or Islamic New Year’s Eve, Kirab Pusaka at Mangkunegaran Palace

Kirab Pusaka means ritual of parading sacred objects which belongs to the palace. Its started with the sacred objects, kris and spears, washing procession. Traditionally, kris and spears are washed with water and flowers.

At the end of the ceremony, hundreds locals will fight in crowd to get the rest of flowers and water that have been used to clean the sacred objects. Locals believe that water and flowers that were used to clean the object have certain power to bring luck.

At Javanese or Islamic New Year’s Eve, Kirab Pusaka at Surakarta Sunanate Palace

The ritual of parading sacred objects is also held in Surakarta Sunanate palace. The different lays on the time and the traditions of its people. In Sunanate palace the ritual starts at midnight and finishes at early morning. The parade takes longer route and also has more participants than Mangkunegaran.

The attractive view in the ritual is Kyai Slamet buffalos, sacred albino buffalos of Sunanate, which lead the parade. While the most attractive view of all is the ritual of collecting buffalos’ feces that locals believe could bring them luck as locals also believe on the sanctity of the animals.

Mid of November, Kirab Apem Sewu in Kampung Sewu

Kirab or carnival of Apem Sewu means thousands of Apem, traditional rice cake. The tradition was initiated by religious figure called Ki Ageng Gribig who propagated Islam in the area of Kampung Sewu. The ceremony starts with the making of cone-shape offering made of Apem cake. Later, the cone-shape offering will be paraded around the area before at last being distributed to all visitors freely.

Every 9th of Month Suro, Jumenengan Ceremony of Mangkunegara IX at Mangkunegaran Palace

Jumenengan or enthronement commemoration ceremony is one of the important ceremonies in the palace. In Mangkunegaran palace, the commemoration ceremony of the King’s enthronement sacredly marked with the performance of Bedaya Anglir Mendung dance.

5th - 11th of Month Mulud, Sekaten Ceremony at Surakarta Agung Mosque

Sekaten ceremony is the Surakarta Sunanate’s traditional ceremony in commemorating the birth of Prophet Muhammad. The commemorating is marked with the sounding of two sets of sacred gamelan which belong to the Sunanate. It will be a full week rituals until it reaches the 12th Mulud, the birth day. The rituals take place at the Pagongan ward of the Surakarta Agung Mosque.

Every 12th of Month Mulud, Grebeg Mulud from Surakarta Sunanate Palace to Surakarta Agung Mosque

The feast of the Prophet Muhammad’s birth day commemoration will be celebrated with a parade of Grebeg Mulud. There will be two kinds of offerings paraded in the Grebeg Mulud, male and female offerings. Both offerings are shaped in a cone like offerings which are made of traditional foods and harvest. All of the offerings are cooked and made in the palace before finally distributed to people in Surakarta Agung Mosque’s yard.

A Week Prior to Chinese New Year, Grebeg Sudiro at Sudiroprajan

Sudiroprajan is the Chinatown of Solo. In the area, people from Chinese ethnic lives/live in peace side to side with people from Javanese ethnic. The cultural carnival of Grebeg Sudiro is meant to promote the cross-culture toleration in the area. Beside, the red and gold of Chinese New Year’s atmosphere that marks the carnival, people could also get free Keranjang cake which is made from sticky rice flour and sugar.

Every 20th of Month Rabiultsani (Islamic calendar), Haul Habib Al-Habsy at Riyadh Mosque

Haul or death anniversary of Habib Al-Habsy, important religious figure for some Muslims in Solo, is always celebrated every 20th in the Islamic month of Rabiultsani. The commemoration lasts for days where thousands of Muslims gather in Riyadh Mosque to honor him by holding a tribute.

40 Days After Grebeg Mulud, Mahesa Lawung Ceremony at Krendhawahana Forest

The Krendhawana forest is a sacred place which is located in the Karanganyar regency, outside Solo. This location is considered as a sacred forest for Surakarta Sunanate and named as the northern gate of the Sunanate, spiritually.

Once in a year, precisely 40 days after ritual of Grebeg Mulud in Surakarta Agung Mosque, members of the royal hold a ritual to ask God for protection to its king, palace, people, and country. The members offer a male virgin buffalo as an offering. They will cut its head and chop its legs and innards and burry it in the forest. All parts of those offerings symbolize badness while the burial symbolizes the action of disposing badness.

25th of Month Rajab, Tingalan Jumenengan Paku Buwana XIII at Surakarta Sunanate Palace

Jumenengan or enthronement commemoration ceremony in Sunanate palace is also considered as one of the most important ceremonies in a year. The core event is held in the Sasana Sewaka ward inside the palace. Those who are invited to the core event are just royal family and invited guests, honored figures. The commemoration ceremony of the King’s enthronement in the palace is marked with the performance of sacred Bedaya Ketawang dance.

During Islamic Ramadan, Cooking Samin Poridge Tradition in Darussalam Mosque

In Ramadan, Muslims observe a whole month of fasting. Local Muslims are also used give takjil, free meal in Ramadan, for other Muslims in mosque. This ritual of giving takjil is a common ritual in Darussalam mosque. The mosque caretakers always cook Banjar porridge and distribute it to people at this time.

Banjar porridge is a famous porridge for people of Borneo. But for people in the Darussalam they know it as Samin porridge. The tradition of giving free porridge in the mosque was started years ago when newcomers from Borneo settled in the neighborhood.

21st Eve of Ramadan, Malem Selikuran Ceremony from Surakarta Sunanate Palace to Surakarta Agung Mosque

The 21st eve of Ramadan is a special night for Muslims. They call it Lailatul Qadar or the Night of Thousand Moons. At this night Muslims commemorate the first revelation of Quran, religious text of Islam. The same ritual will be held by the Sunanate, they hold ritual by parading lampions, lanterns, and thousand of rice cones from palace to Agung Mosque to mark the special night of Islam.

2nd Month of Syawal, Grebeg Pasa Ceremony at Surakarta Agung Mosque

Generally the ritual of Grebeg Pasa and Grebeg Mulud shares the same processions. The Sunanate makes cone-shaped offerings and parade it along the way from the palace to the Agung Mosque. At the mosque the offerings will be distributed to all people.

Week after Eid, Grebeg Syawal Ceremony at Jurug Zoo

Syawal is the tenth month of the Islamic calendar. The six days after the Eid, the first day of the month, are considered as the holy days for Muslims and its equivalent to a month of fasting in Ramadan. And at that time, Muslims observe six days of fasting. The observance will be ended in a day which is called as Bakda Syawal, similar to Eid.

In a larger scale, the holy days are being observed by holding a fair or festival. One of the famous observances of Syawal is the Grebeg Syawal at Jurug zoo. The feast of the festival is marked with the cultural parade and traditional performances.

10th of Month Besar, Grebeg Besar Ceremony at Surakarta Agung Mosque

The ceremony of Grebeg Besar shares many common processions with Grebeg Pasa and Grebeg Mulud. In the ceremony, the members of Royal parade male and female offerings, cone shaped offerings, from Sunanate palace to the mosque. And the mosque the offerings will be distributed to people.

Editor: Adi Kusuma FA